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Oxybenzone in Sunscreen: A Comprehensive Ecotoxicological Review.

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Oxybenzone, a common sunscreen ingredient, poses significant environmental risks to marine ecosystems. Its widespread presence causes coral bleaching and endocrine disruption in fish, impacting marine biodiversity.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Marine Biology
  • Ecotoxicology

Background:

  • Oxybenzone (benzophenone-3) is a UV-filtering compound prevalent in sunscreens and personal care items.
  • While effective for skin protection, concerns are rising about oxybenzone's ecological impact, especially on marine life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the ecotoxicological effects of oxybenzone on marine organisms.
  • To assess the environmental risks associated with oxybenzone's widespread use in consumer products.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted a comprehensive literature search of scientific databases (PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science).
  • Included studies on oxybenzone, sunscreen, ecotoxicology, and marine environments from 2000-2023.

Main Results:

  • Oxybenzone is detected in marine environments, causing coral bleaching and endocrine disruption in fish.
  • It exhibits toxicity to invertebrates, leading to impaired growth, development, and altered feeding behaviors.
  • A concentration-response relationship exists, with higher levels causing mortality.

Conclusions:

  • Oxybenzone presents significant ecotoxicological risks to marine ecosystems.
  • Its persistence and widespread use threaten marine biodiversity.
  • Future sunscreen formulations require a balance between human health and environmental sustainability.