[Physical activity during pregnancy and the postpartum period: recreational and competitive sport]

The pregnancy and postpartum period represent a critical phase of physiological adaptation for the female body, requiring significant adjustments to support maternal and fetal health. Appropriately designed and implemented physical activity during this time is not only safe but also essential for reducing health risks and maintaining overall well-being. In the first trimester, hormonal changes and early symptoms may limit activity, while the relative stability of the second trimester provides an opportunity to sustain or introduce exercise programs. In the third trimester, adaptations to exercise intensity and type are necessary due to the growing fetus and maternal physiological changes. In the postpartum period, gradually reintroduced physical activity promotes recovery, reduces risks of complications such as thrombosis and depression, and improves the quality of life. For elite athletes, pregnancy and the postpartum period present unique challenges, necessitating carefully planned and monitored training regimens. This review highlights current scientific recommendations for physical activity during the trimesters of pregnancy and the postpartum period, emphasizing the importance of individualized exercise programs. Special attention is given to the specific needs of elite athletes and strategies for managing the challenges of competitive sports during pregnancy. Orv Hetil 2025; 166(52): 2055-2063.