Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Confounding in Epidemiological Studies01:27

Confounding in Epidemiological Studies

552
Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This...
552
Bias in Epidemiological Studies01:29

Bias in Epidemiological Studies

1.2K
Biases can arise at various stages of research, from study design and data collection to analysis and interpretation. Recognizing and addressing these biases is essential to ensure the validity and reliability of epidemiological findings.Broadly speaking, biases in epidemiology fall into three main categories: selection bias, information bias, and confounding. A more detailed description of possible biases is:  
1.2K
Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors01:15

Systematic Error: Methodological and Sampling Errors

8.4K
In the case of systematic errors, the sources can be identified, and the errors can be subsequently minimized by addressing these sources. According to the source, systematic errors can be divided into sampling, instrumental, methodological, and personal errors.
Sampling errors originate from improper sampling methods or the wrong sample population. These errors can be minimized by refining the sampling strategy. Defective instruments or faulty calibrations are the sources of instrumental...
8.4K
Null and Alternative Hypotheses01:16

Null and Alternative Hypotheses

11.8K
The actual hypothesis testing begins by considering two hypotheses. They are termed  the null hypothesis and the alternative hypothesis. These hypotheses contain opposing viewpoints.
The null hypothesis, denoted by H0 is a statement of no difference between the variables—they are not related. This can often be considered the status quo. As  a result if you cannot accept the null, it requires some action.
The alternative hypothesis, denoted by H1 or Ha, is a claim about the...
11.8K
Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test01:02

Quantifying and Rejecting Outliers: The Grubbs Test

3.4K
Sometimes, a data set can have a recorded numerical observation that greatly  deviates from the rest of the data. Assuming that the data is normally distributed, a statistical method called the Grubbs test can be used to determine whether the observation is truly an outlier.  To perform a two-tailed Grubbs test, first, calculate the absolute difference between the outlier and the mean. Then, calculate the ratio between this difference and the standard deviation of the sample. This...
3.4K
Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches01:23

Types of Biopharmaceutical Studies: Controlled and Non-Controlled Approaches

376
Biopharmaceutical studies constitute a vital field aiming to enhance drug delivery methods and refine therapeutic approaches, drawing upon diverse interdisciplinary knowledge. In research methodologies, the choice between controlled and non-controlled studies significantly influences the study's reliability and accuracy.
Non-controlled studies, commonly employed for initial exploration, lack a control group, rendering them susceptible to biases and external influences. In contrast,...
376

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Openness to Being Gossiped About: Understanding Gossip from the Target's Perspective.

Self and identity : the journal of the International Society for Self and Identity·2025
Same author

One-tailed tests: Let's do this (responsibly).

Psychological methods·2023
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Using Single-Worm Data to Quantify Heterogeneity in Caenorhabditis elegans-Bacterial Interactions
09:54

Using Single-Worm Data to Quantify Heterogeneity in Caenorhabditis elegans-Bacterial Interactions

Published on: July 22, 2022

3.6K

Ostracism threatens certainty: a single-laboratory meta-analysis.

Andrew H Hales1

  • 1University of Mississippi.

The Journal of Social Psychology
|December 28, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Ostracism, or social exclusion, threatens belonging, self-esteem, and control. New research shows it also significantly undermines the need for certainty, impacting individuals immediately and after a delay.

Keywords:
Basic needscertaintymeta-analysisostracismtemporal need-threat modeluncertainty

More Related Videos

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles
10:23

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles

Published on: July 11, 2025

517
Iterative Bleaching Extends Multiplicity with Use of Staining Automation for Core Facilities
04:52

Iterative Bleaching Extends Multiplicity with Use of Staining Automation for Core Facilities

Published on: August 6, 2025

459

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Using Single-Worm Data to Quantify Heterogeneity in Caenorhabditis elegans-Bacterial Interactions
09:54

Using Single-Worm Data to Quantify Heterogeneity in Caenorhabditis elegans-Bacterial Interactions

Published on: July 22, 2022

3.6K
A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles
10:23

A Concoction Pipeline for Generating Molecular Operational Taxonomic Units (MOTUs) Among Riparian and Aquatic Beetles

Published on: July 11, 2025

517
Iterative Bleaching Extends Multiplicity with Use of Staining Automation for Core Facilities
04:52

Iterative Bleaching Extends Multiplicity with Use of Staining Automation for Core Facilities

Published on: August 6, 2025

459

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Social Psychology

Background:

  • Ostracism is recognized to threaten core human needs: belonging, self-esteem, control, and meaning.
  • These fundamental needs are crucial for psychological well-being and social functioning.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To present theoretical and empirical evidence for a fifth need threatened by ostracism: the need for certainty.
  • To meta-analytically summarize experimental findings on ostracism's impact on certainty.

Main Methods:

  • Review of theoretical basis for the need for certainty.
  • Meta-analysis of 18 experiments (N=5,241) manipulating ostracism and measuring uncertainty.
  • Assessment of immediate and delayed effects of ostracism on certainty.

Main Results:

  • Ostracism significantly reduces the sense of certainty immediately after the experience (d = -0.37).
  • A lesser, yet significant, negative effect on certainty persists after a brief delay (d = -0.16).

Conclusions:

  • The need for certainty is a fifth fundamental psychological need threatened by ostracism.
  • Ostracism-induced uncertainty has immediate and lingering effects.
  • Future research should explore behavioral impacts and the role of uncertainty in ostracism dynamics.