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Designing a Framework to Support Practice-Based Interprofessional Education Initiatives for Student Pharmacists: A
Clare Depasquale1, Amy Arnold1, Scott Cunningham1
1School of Pharmacy, Applied Sciences and Public Health, Robert Gordon University, Garthdee Rd, Aberdeen, United Kingdom.
American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education
|December 28, 2025
Summary
Stakeholders reached consensus on most factors for designing practice-based interprofessional education (IPE) frameworks for student pharmacists. Further research is needed on assessment-related statements for IPE initiatives.
Area of Science:
- Pharmacy Education
- Interprofessional Education (IPE)
- Health Professions Education
Background:
- Designing effective practice-based interprofessional education (IPE) initiatives is crucial for student pharmacists.
- A consensus-based framework is needed to guide the development of these initiatives.
- Existing literature and empirical studies provide a foundation for framework development.
Purpose of the Study:
- To achieve stakeholder consensus on statements for a framework supporting practice-based interprofessional education (IPE) for student pharmacists.
- To identify key presage, process, and product factors for successful IPE initiatives.
Main Methods:
- A modified Delphi technique with two rounds was employed.
- Statements were derived from literature, international IPE frameworks, and empirical research.
- Data analysis included descriptive statistics and thematic analysis of comments, with consensus defined as ≥70% agreement.
Main Results:
- High response rates were achieved (Round 1: 82.2%, Round 2: 71.1%).
- Consensus was reached on 93.3% of statements in Round 1 and 81.8% in Round 2.
- Disagreement centered on summative assessment, with themes of 'Realistic versus idealistic approach?' and 'Looking at the bigger picture' emerging.
Conclusions:
- Stakeholders largely agree on essential presage, process, and product factors for practice-based IPE.
- Further investigation is required to resolve disagreements concerning assessment in IPE.
- The findings support the development of a robust framework for interprofessional education in pharmacy practice settings.
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