[Theory and innovative clinical practice of inner ear comorbidity]

Inner ear comorbidity (IEC) refers to a group of diseases caused by lesions in the cochlea, vestibule, and their neural pathways. These diseases are usually accompanied by hearing loss, tinnitus, vertigo and other symptoms simultaneously or dynamically alternating, forming a comorbidity phenomenon with inner ear dysfunction as the core. Inner ear comorbidities increase the complexity and cost of diagnosis and treatment, putting high difficulty and stress on clinicians and health systems. At present, the main symptoms are mostly treated in clinical practice, and the inherent connection between cochlea and vestibule and other systemic diseases is often ignored, making it difficult to accurately classify and target the disease. This article puts forward the definition and category of inner ear comorbid diseases, explains their inherent correlation and multiple drivers in the etiological mechanism, and proposes a precise typing paradigm for multimodal data integration. Moreover, in order to cope with the three challenges of cognitive fragmentation of multiple disease spectra, complexity of disease heterogeneity and fragmentation of medical system, it is urgent to build an interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment platform, strengthen the research on systematic medicine perspective and full-chain mechanism, and promote the strategic transformation from symptom management to overall health maintenance, aiming to realize the goal of paying attention to inner ear comorbidity, implementing precise prevention and treatment, and effectively reducing disease burden.