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Risk Factors Associated With Sarcopenia in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: A Systematic Review and
Kaili Jin1, Xiaoyan Li1, Yiqin Ma1
1School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
Journal of Cachexia, Sarcopenia and Muscle
|December 29, 2025
Summary
Sarcopenia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients is linked to factors like diabetes and BMI. Identifying these risk factors is crucial for early intervention and effective treatment strategies in CKD populations.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Nephrology
- Muscle Physiology
Background:
- Sarcopenia, an age-related decline in muscle mass and function, is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease (CKD).
- Understanding sarcopenia's risk factors in CKD patients is vital for timely clinical interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To systematically identify and analyze clinical and epidemiological risk factors associated with sarcopenia in patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease.
- To provide a comprehensive overview of factors influencing sarcopenia development across different stages of CKD.
Main Methods:
- A systematic literature search was conducted across multiple databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, etc.) up to May 2025.
- Included studies reported risk factors for sarcopenia in CKD patients; data were extracted independently.
- Odds ratios (OR) were calculated, and sensitivity and subgroup analyses were performed.
Main Results:
- 58 studies with 15,425 participants revealed diabetes as a significant risk factor (OR=1.96).
- Higher BMI was protective (OR=0.76).
- Specific factors varied by CKD stage: NDD-CKD (older age, diabetes, CRP increase), HD (diabetes, body protein), and RTR (longer dialysis vintage).
Conclusions:
- Sarcopenia in CKD patients is multifactorial, influenced by diverse risk factors.
- Knowledge of these factors aids in identifying high-risk individuals for targeted prevention and treatment.
- Prioritizing modifiable risk factors is essential for improving sarcopenia management in CKD.
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