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Essential Minerals for Bone Health

Essential Minerals for Bone Health

The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...

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Preparation, Administration, and Assessment of In Vivo Tissue-Specific Cellular Uptake of Fluorescent Dye-Labeled Liposomes

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Pyrophosphate-modified liposomes for bone-targeted delivery.

Alberto Dal Corso¹, Riccardo Becchetti², Cristina Matteo²

¹Department of Chemistry, Università degli studi di Milano, Milan, Italy.

Journal of Liposome Research

|December 29, 2025

Summary

Researchers developed Bone Binding Liposomes (BBL) for targeted bone disease treatment. These liposomes show enhanced bone mineral binding, improving drug delivery and reducing side effects for better bone cancer and disease therapies.

Keywords:

Liposomes bone macrophages resiquimod targeted therapy

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Nanomedicine
Drug Delivery Systems

Background:

Bone-related diseases and cancers present significant treatment challenges.
Current therapies often lack specificity, leading to substantial off-target side effects.
There is a critical need for advanced drug delivery systems targeting bone tissue.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a novel bone-targeted liposomal formulation.
To enhance drug delivery specifically to bone mineral (hydroxyapatite).
To evaluate the efficacy and safety profile of the targeted liposomes compared to non-targeted ones.

Main Methods:

Functionalization of liposomes with a pyrophosphate-cholesterol derivative to create Bone Binding Liposomes (BBL).
Comparative binding affinity studies of BBL versus conventional Non-Binding Liposomes (NBL) to hydroxyapatite.
Encapsulation of a prototype drug within both BBL and NBL formulations.
Assessment of drug-loaded liposome biocompatibility and preservation of drug properties on target cells (macrophages).

Main Results:

BBL demonstrated significantly superior binding affinity to bone mineral compared to NBL.
Both BBL and NBL formulations efficiently encapsulated the prototype drug.
Comparable biocompatibility was observed for both BBL and NBL.
The drug's physicochemical properties were preserved on macrophages when delivered via both liposomal formulations.

Conclusions:

Bone Binding Liposomes (BBL) represent a promising advancement in targeted drug delivery for bone conditions.
The pyrophosphate-cholesterol functionalization effectively enhances liposome affinity for bone mineral.
This targeted approach has the potential to improve therapeutic outcomes for bone diseases and cancers by increasing drug concentration at the target site and minimizing systemic toxicity.