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The histone proteins have a flexible N-terminal tail extending out from the nucleosome. These histone tails are often subjected to post-translational modifications such as acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation, and ubiquitination. Particular combinations of these modifications form “histone codes” that influence the chromatin folding and tissue-specific gene expression.
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Depression: epigenetics and epitranscriptomic modifications.

Saradindu Banerjee1,2, Shrilaxmi M S1,2, Subhrojyoti Banerjee1

  • 1Center for Molecular Neuroscience, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, India.

The World Journal of Biological Psychiatry : the Official Journal of the World Federation of Societies of Biological Psychiatry
|December 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study explores the link between epigenetic changes, RNA modifications, and Major Depressive Disorder (MDD). Findings suggest these molecular alterations are key to understanding depression and developing new therapeutic targets.

Keywords:
Major depressive disorderenvironmental factorsepigeneticepitranscriptomic

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Genetics
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) affects millions globally, with complex origins.
  • MDD development involves genetic vulnerability and environmental factors like early-life stress.
  • Current research increasingly focuses on molecular mechanisms beyond genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the interconnection between epigenetic alterations, epitranscriptomic modifications, and MDD.
  • To identify potential therapeutic interventions for depression by understanding DNA and RNA regulation.
  • To provide a detailed molecular understanding of MDD.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review of recent studies on MDD, epigenetics, and epitranscriptomics.
  • Analysis of existing research focusing on chromatin-level and RNA-level regulatory changes.
  • Synthesis of findings to highlight associations and potential therapeutic targets.

Main Results:

  • A significant association exists between chromatin modifications and RNA regulatory changes in MDD.
  • MDD arises from a combination of genetic predispositions and environmental influences.
  • Research is expanding to include posttranscriptional RNA modifications alongside DNA epigenetic changes in depression studies.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding epigenetic and epitranscriptomic changes offers new insights into MDD's molecular underpinnings.
  • Chromatin-RNA regulators and pathways represent promising targets for novel MDD therapeutics.
  • This review aids in developing more effective treatments for Major Depressive Disorder.