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Updated: Jan 7, 2026

A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
Published on: July 5, 2022
The association between COVID-19 and incident gestational diabetes (GDM): A population-based case-control study of
Liang-Yu Lin1,2, Chi-Jen Chen3, Mei-Huei Chen4
1Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.
Background:
Reports suggested that diabetes could be a complication arising from COVID-19; however, the relationship between COVID-19 and the development of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) remains unclear.
Objectives:
This study aimed to investigate the association between COVID-19 infections and the risk of incident GDM in pregnant women.
Methods:
We analyzed data from Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database (NHIRD), which is linked to the Birth Reporting Database and the COVID-19 testing database between 2020 and 2022. A case-control study was conducted, matching pregnant women by age and region. We employed multivariable logistic regression, adjusting for matching factors and potential confounders. The findings were further validated through a sensitivity analysis using a cohort design with landmark analysis.
Results:
The study included 134,375 pregnant women, comprising 26,875 GDM cases and 107,500 matched controls. After adjusting for covariates, we found no evidence supporting an association between prior COVID-19 infection and incident GDM (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.95, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.89-1.01). Notably, some evidence showed that receiving at least one COVID-19 vaccination was associated with a decreased risk of GDM (aOR = 0.90, 95% CI = 0.87-0.93). These results remained consistent in the sensitivity analysis.
Conclusion:
Despite COVID-19 now being endemic with less virulent variants, ongoing vigilance regarding potential pregnancy-related impacts of SARS-CoV-2 is essential. It is also critical to promote vaccination among women of childbearing age, and further research is necessary to explore COVID-19-related complications during pregnancy.
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