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Zero-Dimensional Indium-Based Multiaxial Ferroelectric for X-Ray Detection.

Wenjuan Wei1,2, Xu Wang1, Yen Wei2

  • 1School of Optoelectronics, Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, P. R. China.

Small (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|December 29, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a novel multiaxial ferroelectric material for advanced X-ray detectors. It demonstrates angular-independent detection and record sensitivity, overcoming limitations of previous ferroelectric X-ray detector designs.

Keywords:
0D indium‐based perovskiteX‐ray detectionangular independencemultiaxial ferroelectric

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid-State Physics
  • Detector Technology

Background:

  • Ferroelectric polarization aids charge extraction in X-ray detectors but faces challenges with uniaxial materials.
  • Misalignment in uniaxial ferroelectrics limits device performance by directing polarization away from charge collection.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate a multiaxial ferroelectric, (TMP)(Me-TMP)InBr6, for angular-independent X-ray detection.
  • To overcome the limitations of uniaxial ferroelectrics in X-ray detector applications.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication and characterization of the multiaxial ferroelectric (TMP)(Me-TMP)InBr6.
  • Performance evaluation of X-ray detectors using polarization-electric field hysteresis loops and sensitivity measurements.
  • Analysis of carrier dynamics, including exciton binding energy, carrier lifetime, and mobility-lifetime product.

Main Results:

  • The multiaxial ferroelectric exhibits high saturation polarization (3.88 and 13.2 µC/cm²).
  • Achieved suppressed exciton binding energy (96.8 meV), extended carrier lifetime (1.81 ms), and a high mobility-lifetime product (10⁻³ cm²/V).
  • Record sensitivity of 12510 µC Gyair⁻¹ cm⁻² at 24 V/mm and 806 µC Gyair⁻¹ cm⁻² in self-powered mode were achieved.

Conclusions:

  • Multiaxial ferroelectric polarization enables efficient carrier separation and transport, enhancing X-ray detector performance.
  • The material demonstrates angular-independent X-ray detection and high operational stability due to high ion migration activation energy.
  • This work presents a promising pathway for developing high-performance, stable X-ray detectors.