Structural, Spectroscopic, and Luminescent Properties of Dy³⁺-Doped Multicomponent-Based Borosilicate Glasses for...

A new series of Dy³⁺-doped borosilicate-magnesium-cesium-carbonate-lead chloride-sodium chloride (BSMCPNDy) glasses was synthesized using the conventional melt-quenching technique to investigate their structural and optical properties. The incorporation of Dy³⁺ ions into the host matrix was confirmed through FTIR spectra, which revealed the formation of BO₃/BO₄ structural units and modifications in the silicate network. Optical absorption and photoluminescence (PL) measurements were performed to explore the electronic transitions and luminescence behavior of Dy³⁺ ions. The Judd-Ofelt intensity parameters followed the trend Ω₂ > Ω₄ > Ω₆, suggesting an asymmetric and covalent environment around Dy³⁺ ions in the glass network. Under 349-nm excitation, the emission spectra exhibited prominent bands at 482 nm (⁴F₉/₂ → ⁶H₁₅/₂), 575 nm (⁴F₉/₂ → ⁶H₁₃/₂), and 663 nm (⁴F₉/₂ → ⁶H₁₁/₂), corresponding to blue, yellow, and red emissions. The 0.5 mol% Dy³⁺-doped sample displayed the highest emission intensity, whereas concentration quenching at higher dopant levels resulted from energy transfer and cross-relaxation processes. The evaluated branching ratio, stimulated emission cross-section, fluorescence lifetime behavior, and color coordinates suggest that the optimized BSMCPNDy composition is a promising candidate for white-light-emitting diodes, solid-state laser media, and photonic devices.