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Use of Citizen Science to Determine Prey Partitioning Between Two Coastal Raptors.

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Citizen science via social media revealed how Eastern Ospreys and White-bellied Sea-Eagles (WBSE) partition prey. Despite dietary overlap, competition is low due to abundant shared prey and distinct hunting styles.

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Ornithology
  • Conservation Biology

Background:

  • Understanding species' ecological niches and resource needs is crucial for effective conservation.
  • Predators secure food through competition or resource partitioning; raptors utilize both strategies.
  • Traditional diet studies are time-consuming and biased, necessitating innovative methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate dietary overlap, diversity, and competition between Eastern Ospreys and White-bellied Sea-Eagles (WBSE) in Australia.
  • To test the hypothesis that these raptors partition fish resources to minimize direct competition.
  • To explore the utility of social media data for studying raptor diet and resource partitioning.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized citizen science data (images, videos) from social media to analyze raptor diets.
  • Assessed dietary breadth, diversity, and overlap using Morisita's Index.
  • Correlated prey partitioning with resource availability and raptor hunting strategies.

Main Results:

  • Both raptors consumed a moderately broad and diverse fish diet, with WBSE showing greater dietary evenness.
  • A moderate dietary overlap (Morisita's Index: 0.59–0.61) was observed.
  • Low competition was inferred due to abundant shared prey and limited overlap in other prey items.

Conclusions:

  • Prey partitioning is influenced by resource availability, with abundant prey being shared.
  • Distinct hunting styles (surface-fishing WBSE vs. diving Eastern Osprey) facilitate partitioning of less abundant prey.
  • Social media data offers a viable method for studying complex raptor dietary relationships and resource partitioning.