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Correlation Between Upper Dental Arch Dimensions and Vertical Facial Height in Subjects with Skeletal Class I
Alah Dawood Al-Dawoody1, Shehab Ahmed Hamad2
1BDS, MSc, PhD, MFDRCSI, MFDSRCPS. Assistant Professor of Orthodontics, Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics, and Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq.
Background:
This study investigates the association between upper arch dimensions and vertical facial height in individuals with Class I skeletal occlusion. The aim was to identify correlations that may inform orthodontic treatment planning.
Material And Methods:
A retrospective analysis was performed on 85 participants (43 females, 42 males) aged 18-25 years with Class I skeletal occlusion (ANB angle: 1-4°). Upper arch dimensions-intercanine width (ICW), interpremolar width (IPW), intermolar width (IMW), and arch length (AL)-were measured using digital dental models. Vertical facial height was assessed via digital cephalometric radiographs, including anterior facial height (AFH), posterior facial height (PFH), lower anterior facial height (LAFH), and the facial height ratio (FHR). Statistical analysis involved Pearson correlation coefficients and multiple regression.
Results:
Significant positive correlations emerged between upper arch dimensions and vertical facial height. ICW correlated moderately with AFH (r = 0.61, p < 0.001) and LAFH (r = 0.57, p < 0.001). IPW showed a significant association with PFH (r = 0.70, p < 0.001), while IMW showed the strongest association with AFH (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). The connection between AL and FHR was moderate (r = 0.54, p<0.01). Males showed consistently higher correlations than females.
Conclusions:
There is a strong relationship between vertical face height and upper arch dimensions in Class I skeletal occlusion. These results highlight the clinical significance of evaluating vertical facial structure when planning an arch expansion or contraction treatment. Its potential as a predictor of vertical face growth pattern is shown by its substantial association with IMW, which may help with clinical decision-making.
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