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Cognitive frontiers: neurotechnology and global internet governance
1Blavatnik School of Government, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
Frontiers in Digital Health
|December 29, 2025
Summary
Neurotechnology, involving brain-computer interfaces and AI, intersects with Internet governance. Urgent policy action is needed to address neural data privacy and access, ensuring ethical integration into global digital frameworks.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Internet Governance
- International Policy
Background:
- Neurotechnologies offer diverse applications, from brain activity monitoring to AI-driven emotion analysis.
- Emerging devices increasingly merge human cognition with digital systems, presenting novel ethical and governance challenges.
- Existing international policy frameworks show fragmentation and a lack of clarity regarding neurotechnology integration.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the intersection of neurotechnology and Internet governance on the international policy agenda.
- To highlight overlooked issues in current global digital policy discussions.
- To advocate for proactive measures in addressing neurotechnology's implications.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of neurotechnology advancements and Internet governance frameworks.
- Analysis of international policy documents, including the Global Digital Compact.
- Identification of gaps and challenges in current regulatory approaches.
Main Results:
- Critical issues like neural infrastructure, standards, access, and data protection are largely unaddressed in major global digital policy initiatives.
- Significant fragmentation exists in international organizations' approaches to neurotechnology ethics and governance.
- Next-generation neurotechnologies pose unprecedented challenges at the mind-machine interface.
Conclusions:
- There is an urgent need for comprehensive analysis of neurotechnology's profound implications.
- Proactive measures, including legal safeguards and multistakeholder consultations, are essential.
- Alignment with existing Internet governance principles is crucial for responsible neurotechnology development and deployment.
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