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Clinical updates of JAK inhibitors in cutaneous granulomatous diseases

Jiaxu Gu1,2, Xinglin He1,2, Bingcheng Lu1,2

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China.

Frontiers in Immunology
|December 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Janus kinase (JAK) inhibitors show promise for treating chronic granulomatous skin diseases like sarcoidosis. These targeted therapies effectively manage symptoms and improve lesions, offering new hope for refractory cases.

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology and immunology, focusing on inflammatory pathways.

Background:

  • Cutaneous granulomatous diseases present chronic, relapsing courses.
  • Conventional therapies are often insufficient for managing these conditions.
  • The Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway is crucial for granuloma formation via key cytokines.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the efficacy of JAK inhibitors in treating various cutaneous granulomatous diseases.
  • To synthesize current evidence on JAK inhibitors for refractory cases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical studies and case reports on JAK inhibitors (tofacitinib, ruxolitinib, baricitinib, upadacitinib, abrocitinib).
  • Focus on conditions including sarcoidosis, granuloma annulare, granulomatous rosacea, and cosmetic injectable reactions.

Main Results:

  • JAK inhibitors demonstrated significant improvement in lesion outcomes.
  • Effective control of symptoms was observed in treated patients.
  • These targeted therapies show potential for refractory granulomatous conditions.

Conclusions:

  • JAK inhibitors represent a promising therapeutic strategy for refractory cutaneous granulomatous diseases.
  • Further large-scale trials are necessary to determine optimal dosing, long-term safety, and biomarkers for personalized treatment.
Keywords:
JAK inhibitorsJAK-STAT pathwayclinical practicecutaneous granulomatous diseasestargeted therapy

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