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Photoluminescence: Fluorescence and Phosphorescence01:23

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Luminescence, the emission of light by a substance that has absorbed energy, is a process that involves the interaction of molecules with light. The energy-level diagram, or Jablonski diagram, is a graphical representation of these interactions, illustrating the various states and transitions a molecule can undergo. In a typical Jablonski diagram, the lowest horizontal line represents the ground-state energy of the molecule, which is usually a singlet state. This state represents the energies...
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Synthesis of Core-shell Lanthanide-doped Upconversion Nanocrystals for Cellular Applications
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Ultraviolet Light Generation through Lanthanide Upconversion.

Leipeng Li1,2, Hao Suo1,2, Feng Wang1,3

  • 1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, 83 Tat Chee Avenue, Hong Kong SAR, China.

Accounts of Chemical Research
|December 29, 2025
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Researchers are advancing ultraviolet (UV) upconversion materials for applications like solar-blind imaging and sterilization. New methods enhance UV emission intensity in lanthanide-doped crystals, enabling novel uses in lighting and environmental science.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Materials science
  • Photonics

Background:

  • Upconversion converts long-wavelength photons to shorter wavelengths, with Yb3+-Ln3+ pairs excelling in visible light conversion.
  • Limited progress exists in achieving UV upconversion, despite its potential for solar-blind imaging, sterilization, and phototherapy.
  • Er3+, Tm3+, and Pr3+ ions are being explored for UV emission, requiring optimized doping, hosts, and excitation schemes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent advancements in UV upconversion materials, focusing on lanthanide-doped inorganic crystals.
  • To highlight methods for enhancing UV upconversion emission intensity.
  • To discuss frontier applications of UV upconversion in lighting, imaging, and environmental science.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of UV upconversion materials using selected dopant ions (Er3+, Tm3+, Pr3+) and host crystals.
  • Investigations into doping concentrations, host lattice compositions, and excitation schemes.
  • Enhancement of UV upconversion emission via dielectric coupling, plasmonic modulation, and organic surface coating.

Main Results:

  • Development of UV upconversion materials based on Er3+, Tm3+, and Pr3+.
  • Demonstration of methods to significantly enhance UV upconversion emission intensity.
  • Exploration of applications in solar-blind imaging, sterilization, and environmental remediation.

Conclusions:

  • Significant progress has been made in UV upconversion materials through rational design and enhancement strategies.
  • Lanthanide-doped inorganic crystals offer promising platforms for deep UV emission.
  • Future research should focus on further optimizing these materials for diverse technological applications.