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Preparation of Light-responsive Membranes by a Combined Surface Grafting and Postmodification Process

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Photoactive Hydrogels Containing Merocyanine/Spiropyran Units for Wound Dressing Applications.

Hitesh Katariya¹, Ewa Chrzescijanska², Krzysztof Jerczynski¹

¹Institute of Polymer and Dye Technology, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 16, Lodz 90-537, Poland.

Biomacromolecules

|December 29, 2025

Summary

Light-responsive hydrogels with a photoacid were developed to control acidity in chronic wounds. These smart materials show promise for advanced wound dressings by actively killing bacteria under illumination.

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Area of Science:

Biomaterials Science
Polymer Chemistry
Photochemistry

Background:

Chronic wounds create alkaline, bacteria-laden conditions hindering healing.
Advanced wound dressings require materials that can actively manage the wound microenvironment.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and characterize light-responsive hydrogels for spatiotemporal control of acidity.
To investigate the potential of these hydrogels as advanced wound dressings.

Main Methods:

Incorporation of a methacrylate-functionalized merocyanine photoacid (E-MCMAH+) into OEGMA/EGDMA networks.
Systematic variation of photoacid loading and characterization of hydrogel properties (swelling, mechanics, optical transitions).
Evaluation of proton release, ion mobility, cytocompatibility, and antibacterial activity.

Main Results:

Hydrogel properties were tunable by photoacid loading.
Photoisomerization induced reversible proton release and enhanced ion mobility.
Materials exhibited cytocompatibility and potent light-activated antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and MRSA.

Conclusions:

E-MCMAH+ hydrogels offer spatiotemporal control over acidity via light responsiveness.
These hydrogels demonstrate significant potential as antibacterial wound dressings.