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Heat generation and histological analysis of peri-implant bone cutting using piezoelectric surgery for implant
Yoshiki Saito1, Hiroki Tsukamoto1, Kiyoshi Shimada1
1Division of Oral Reconstruction and Prosthodontics, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1, Manazuru, Kokurakita-Ku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka, 803-8580, Japan.
Purpose:
This study aimed to evaluate the safety of piezoelectric surgery for bone cutting during implant removal in terms of heat generation and histological changes.
Methods:
The bone model experiments involved titanium implants or non-metal dummy implants placed in bone models. Bone cutting using a piezoelectric surgery with irrigation was performed at distances of 0, 1, and 2 mm from the implant, and the temperature was recorded using a contact thermometer placed at the tip of the implant. Using procine mandible models, histological analysis was performed using hematoxylin and eosin-stained images to evaluate the risk of thermal injury.
Results:
When bone cutting was performed at distances of 0 mm from the implants continuously, a significantly greater temperature increase was observed with the titanium implants compared to the non-metal dummy implants. The increase in temperature decreased as the distance between the implant and the cutting position increased. Comparing the cutting patterns, a greater temperature increase was observed with continuous and 10 s intermittent cutting. In contrast, it was suppressed with intermittent cutting for 3 and 5 s. In the histological analysis with porcine mandibles, findings suggest that thermal injury was not observed in any of the samples.
Conclusions:
No bone damage was observed in the histological analysis. In contrast, piezoelectric peri-implant bone cutting caused a significant increase in temperature, especially for continuous bone cutting during implant adjustments. However, intermittent cutting for 3 and 5 s significantly suppressed the temperature increase. The results suggest that shortening the continuous cutting time may be effective in preventing heat generation when using piezoelectric surgery for peri-implant bone cutting.
