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Factor Structure and Psychometric Evaluation of the Parent-Child Sleep Interactions Scale (PSIS) Among Children

Alyssa Vieira1, Darlynn M Rojo-Wissar2,3, Yuexin Zhang4

  • 1Sleep and Anxiety Center of Houston, Department of Psychology, University of Houston, 4349 Martin Luther King Blvd., 77004, Houston, TX, USA. amvieira@uh.edu.

Child Psychiatry and Human Development
|December 29, 2025
PubMed

Insights

The revised Parent-Child Sleep Interactions Scale (PSIS) reliably measures sleep interactions in adopted preschoolers. This validated tool aids in understanding sleep challenges for children from foster care.

Area of Science:

  • Child Psychology
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Family Studies

Background:

  • Parent-child interactions significantly influence child development and well-being.
  • Sleep disturbances are common in children adopted from foster care.
  • Validated assessment tools are needed to understand sleep dynamics in this population.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the factor structure and psychometric properties of the Parent-Child Sleep Interactions Scale (PSIS).
  • To validate a revised PSIS for use with adoptive parents of preschoolers with foster care backgrounds.
  • To assess the reliability and validity of the PSIS in this specific population.

Main Methods:

  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (EFA and CFA) were conducted on data from 240 adoptive parents.
  • The sample was randomly split for EFA and CFA.
  • Internal consistency reliability and convergent validity were assessed using parent-reported questionnaires.

Main Results:

  • The EFA and CFA confirmed a three-factor structure (Sleep Reinforcement, Sleep Conflict, Sleep Dependence) for the PSIS.
  • A revised 10-item PSIS demonstrated good model fit, internal consistency, and convergent validity.
  • PSIS subscales correlated significantly with child sleep problems and anxiety symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • The revised PSIS is a reliable and valid measure for assessing sleep-related parent-child interactions in preschoolers adopted from foster care.
  • Findings support the use of the PSIS to identify and address sleep difficulties in this vulnerable group.
  • The study contributes to understanding the unique sleep challenges faced by children with a history of foster care placement.

Keywords:
Foster careMaltreatmentParent–child interactionsSleep

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