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Measurement of Tactile Allodynia in a Murine Model of Bacterial Prostatitis

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Mouse Models of Epididymitis Induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns.

Alexandre D Andrade¹, André L Filadelpho², Maria Christina W Avellar³

¹Department of Biophysics and Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences of Botucatu, São Paulo State University; alexandre.andrade@unesp.br.

Journal of Visualized Experiments : Jove

|December 29, 2025

Summary

New mouse models help study epididymitis, a common cause of male infertility. These models investigate how bacterial components trigger inflammation in the epididymis, impacting sperm health.

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Mouse Models of Epididymitis Induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

Mouse Models of Epididymitis Induced by Pathogen-Associated Molecular Patterns

Published on: December 12, 2025

Area of Science:

Urology
Reproductive Medicine
Microbiology

Background:

Epididymitis is a common urologic condition linked to male infertility.
Bacterial infections are the primary cause, but underlying mechanisms are unclear.
Rodent models are crucial for studying epididymal responses to infection.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and describe surgical methods for inducing epididymitis in mice.
To investigate the epididymal inflammatory response to bacterial components.
To provide tools for understanding epididymitis and its impact on fertility.

Main Methods:

Surgical induction of epididymitis in mice via injection of pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs).
Two distinct approaches target the interstitial compartment (initial segment) or luminal compartment (vas deferens).
Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and lipoteichoic acid (LTA) used to mimic Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial infections.

Main Results:

Demonstrated successful induction of epididymitis in mice using PAMPs.
Observed differential inflammatory responses in proximal and distal epididymal regions.
Inflammation severity correlated with impaired sperm parameters.

Conclusions:

Developed novel mouse models for studying epididymitis pathophysiology.
These models allow regional investigation of epididymal inflammation.
Facilitates research into therapeutic strategies to preserve male fertility.