CAD/CAM Fabrication of Bone for Guided Bone Regeneration: A Narrative Review of Current Principles, Clinical
Sebastian Blatt1, Bilal Al-Nawas1
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery-Plastic Operations, University Medical Center Mainz, Mainz, Germany.
Background:
The computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) workflow is state of the art for a plethora of oral- and maxillofacial reconstruction procedures. The workflow is well implemented in alveolar ridge preservation and segmental bone regeneration. Guided bone or guided tissue regeneration (GBR/GTR) are essential in stabilising and regenerating the alveolar ridge height and width and the surrounding soft tissue in segmental deficient situations. CAD/CAM-assisted GBR minimises surgical time, optimises bone volume preservation and provides predictable results in implantology and reconstructive procedures. Besides, the technique is crucial in planning and executing free microvascular anastomosed tissue transfer for continuity defects.
Methods:
This review examines how CAD/CAM fabrication can further transform bony regeneration and reconstruction. Therefore, latest principles of CAD/CAM fabrication methods, manufacturing techniques in CAD/CAM bone fabrication, materials for CAD/CAM-fabricated bone in GBR, clinical applications of CAD/CAM bone in GBR, challenges and limitations as well as future perspectives are highlighted.
Results And Conclusions:
In conclusion, CAD/CAM is poised to become a standard approach not only for segmental but also continuity defect situations in regenerative maxillofacial surgery as technology evolves.
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