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Related Concept Videos

Phase Diagrams02:39

Phase Diagrams

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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Diagram01:19

Phase Diagram

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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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Phase Transitions: Melting and Freezing02:39

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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

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Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
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The internal energy of a substance—the total kinetic energy of all its molecules and the potential energy of their associated forces—depends on the strength of the intermolecular forces in the condensed phases and the pressure exerted on the substance. The internal energy of a substance is the highest in the gaseous state, the lowest in the solid state, and intermediate in the liquid state. Phase transitions are caused by changes in physical conditions, such as temperature and...
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Structural Evolution of CoMoO4 under Pressure: Multiphase Transformations and Reconstructive Behaviors.

Xinxin Gao1,2, Zhi Zheng1, Mengjun Xiong1,2

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Thin cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4) samples show two phase transitions under high pressure, demonstrating enhanced structural resistance. This research clarifies their behavior under extreme conditions.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Solid State Chemistry
  • Geophysics

Background:

  • Binary transition metal molybdates exhibit diverse properties and applications.
  • Limited data exists on the high-pressure behavior and phase transition resistance of multiphase molybdates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the high-pressure structural characteristics and phase transitions of cobalt molybdate (CoMoO4).
  • To assess the pressure-induced structural reconstruction and phase transition resistance in thin CoMoO4 samples.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a diamond anvil cell for high-pressure generation.
  • Employed in situ laboratory Raman spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD).
  • Conducted synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction for detailed structural analysis up to 28 GPa.

Main Results:

  • β-CoMoO4 underwent two gradual phase transitions up to 28 GPa.
  • An initial transition to the α-phase occurred around 1 GPa.
  • A high-pressure phase (HP-phase) emerged around 12 GPa, becoming dominant by 17-18 GPa with hysteresis.
  • Thin samples showed enhanced structural resistance compared to previous studies.
  • Upon pressure release, CoMoO4 largely reverted to the β-phase, retaining a trace of the HP-phase.

Conclusions:

  • Elucidated the two-stage phase transitions and pressure-induced structural reconstruction of thin CoMoO4.
  • Demonstrated enhanced structural resistance in thin CoMoO4 samples under high pressure.
  • Contributed to the fundamental understanding of binary transition metal molybdates under extreme conditions.