Case report: Sea Fan Retinopathy, an ocular anomaly of interest

This case highlights the significance of ocular manifestations in systemic diseases and their diagnostic implications. The patient is a male of African descent who presented to the emergency department with a sudden, painless decrease in visual acuity in the right eye (OD). He also reported a possible history of congenital anemia that had never been previously diagnosed or managed. Fundoscopic examination revealed a grade ++ vitreous hemorrhage in the right eye, along with areas of peripheral neovascularization located between zones M11-M8 and M2-M3, associated with both temporal and nasal retinal neovascularization, as well as temporal peripheral traction in the left eye (OS). These findings were suggestive of "sea fan" retinopathy, likely related to sickle cell anemia. This diagnostic impression was confirmed by the Internal Medicine and Hematology departments, who based on paraclinical findings initiated hydroxyurea treatment.