Review of cadaver preservative solution from biomedical aspect

The use of cadavers remains essential for medical students studying anatomy, as it provides irreplaceable hands-on experience. Given that the available cadavers must be reused over time, an effective preservation method is necessary to maintain tissue integrity. Formaldehyde-based solutions are commonly used in cadaver preservation due to their cost-effectiveness, practicality, and long-term tissue stability. However, given formaldehyde is carcinogenic and an irritant, it poses risks to both users and preserved cadavers. As a result, numerous studies have investigated cadaver embalming techniques as an effort to safeguard users and preserve cadavers. This review examines research on low-formaldehyde embalming solutions. Literature was retrieved from databases including PubMed, Cochrane Library, Wiley Online Library, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect, with a focus on preservation efficacy, safety, and practical application. The reviewed literature identifies several low-formaldehyde formulations that effectively preserve cadavers while minimizing health risks. These solutions offer a variety of chemical compositions and application methods for institutes seeking safer cadaver preservation. The findings emphasize the need for anatomy instruction to switch to low-formaldehyde embalming. These approaches can preserve cadavers and reduce health hazards, but cost and resource availability remain important consideration. Further study is needed to enhance low-formaldehyde embalming solutions for anatomical institutes' different needs. This review concludes that low-formaldehyde embalming solutions are essential for cadaver preservation safety. This study helps anatomy professionals modify embalming practices in their institutions to improve cadaver preservation and user safety by revealing the benefits and downsides of several options.