Self-cleaning materials for the environmental purification of eco-city

With the advancement of urbanization, environmental issues in cities have become increasingly prominent. Problems such as air pollution, water contamination, and solid waste management significantly hinder the improvement of people's quality of life. Self-cleaning materials, which enhance natural self-purification mechanisms through engineered technologies, offer a promising approach to effectively tackle pollution in air, water, and soil. This paper presents an overview of the characteristics and mechanisms of self-cleaning materials, alongside their applications in urban environments, including construction materials, mobile sources, environmental remediation, and public health. Furthermore, the study summarizes and analyzes the challenges these materials face regarding durability, environmental impact, and practical effectiveness. By highlighting key issues in the development of self-cleaning materials, this work aims to promote their advancement and contribute to the establishment of self-purifying cities.