Robust subspace structure discovery for cell type identification in scRNA-seq data

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) technology has transformed gene expression studies by enabling analysis at the individual cell level, offering unprecedented insights into cellular heterogeneity. A key challenge in scRNA-seq data analysis is cell type identification, which requires grouping cells with similar gene expression profiles using unsupervised clustering methods. However, the high dimensionality, inherent noise, and significant sparsity of scRNA-seq data present substantial obstacles to accurately determining relationships among cell samples. To address these challenges, we propose a novel deep subspace clustering approach for cell type identification that captures a more reliable subspace structure from scRNA-seq data. Our method leverages a robust self-representation learning framework to effectively characterize and learn the underlying cluster structure. This framework is optimized through an integrated strategy combining a structure-guided approach with an optimal transport algorithm, enhancing the robustness of the subspace clustering process. By mitigating the effects of noise and sparsity in scRNA-seq data, this approach enables more accurate cell clustering. Experimental results on 18 real scRNA-seq datasets demonstrate that our method outperforms several state-of-the-art clustering approaches tailored for scRNA-seq data, excelling in both accuracy and interpretability.