Lactarius deliciosus Extract from Green Microwave-Assisted Eutectic Solvent Extraction as a Therapeutic Candidate...

Area of Science:

• * Food Science
• * Phytochemistry
• * Pharmacology

Background:

• * *Lactarius deliciosus* is a functional food rich in bioactive compounds.
• * These compounds possess antioxidant and antimicrobial properties.
• * Colon carcinoma (Caco-2) cells are a model for studying anticancer agents.

Purpose of the Study:

• * Optimize a green microwave-assisted extraction for phenolic compounds from *Lactarius deliciosus*.
• * Evaluate the antioxidant, antiproliferative, antimetastatic, and anti-inflammatory effects of the extract on Caco-2 cells.

Main Methods:

• * Microwave-assisted extraction optimized for solvent polarity and composition (water, NaDES 1).
• * Assessed antioxidant activity, phenolic compound content (4-hydroxybenzoic, vanillic acids).
• * Evaluated effects on Caco-2 cell proliferation, colony formation, cell adhesion, cell cycle, apoptosis, and inflammation markers (ROS, NOS2).

Main Results:

• * Water and NaDES 1 proved efficient and sustainable solvents for extraction.
• * *Lactarius deliciosus* extract (LDE) exhibited significant antioxidant and anticancer properties.
• * LDE inhibited Caco-2 cell proliferation, colony formation, and metastasis, inducing apoptosis and G0/G1 cell cycle arrest.
• * LDE reduced ROS levels and downregulated NOS2 expression, indicating anti-inflammatory effects without harming the intestinal barrier.

Conclusions:

• * Optimized green extraction yields potent bioactive compounds from *Lactarius deliciosus*.
• * LDE demonstrates significant anticancer and anti-inflammatory potential.
• * *Lactarius deliciosus* extract is a promising source for functional food ingredients and anticancer therapies.