Knowledge of Obesity and the Elements of a Healthy Diet Among Secondary School Students

Adolescent obesity is a growing public health concern, as poor dietary patterns contribute to nutrient deficiencies. In particular, dietary fiber and omega-3 fatty acids are underconsumed yet critical for cardiometabolic and mental health.

The objective of this study was to assess high school students' knowledge of (1) obesity as a disease, (2) the role of fiber, and (3) omega-3 fatty acids, and to identify sociodemographic predictors of this knowledge.

A cross-sectional survey was conducted in January-March 2024 among 205 students (aged 14-19) from public high schools in Tri-City, Poland. Knowledge was assessed using an adapted part of the KomPAN questionnaire. Logistic regression models examined associations between knowledge and demographic variables (age, gender, academic profile).

Overall, 66.8% of students recognized obesity as a disease, 27% correctly identified omega-3 sources, and 60% demonstrated accurate knowledge regarding dietary fiber. The academic profile was the strongest predictor. Compared with students in Natural Sciences tracks, those in other educational tracks demonstrated significantly lower probabilities of providing correct responses (fiber: OR = 0.38, 95% CI: 0.21-0.71; omega-3: OR = 0.41, 95% CI: 0.23-0.76; obesity: OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.25-0.90). Age and gender were not significant predictors.

Nutrition knowledge among adolescents is moderate, with notable gaps in understanding the specific components of a healthy diet such as dietary fiber and omega-3 fatty acids. Tailored educational interventions, combined with supportive school environments, may improve knowledge and promote healthier dietary behaviors.