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Mario Martín-Sánchez1, Pedro Villarejo Campos1,2, Víctor Domínguez-Prieto1

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) shows fair agreement with pathological assessment for locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) response after neoadjuvant therapy. While not fully predictive, MRI effectively confirms good and complete tumor responses, aiding clinical decisions.

Keywords:
locally advanced rectal cancermagnetic resonance imagingneoadjuvant chemoradiotherapyorgan preservationtumor regression grade

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Radiology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) management relies heavily on imaging.
  • Neoadjuvant therapy is standard for LARC, necessitating accurate response assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the correlation between magnetic resonance tumor regression grade (mrTRG) and pathological tumor regression grade (pTRG) in LARC patients.
  • To assess MRI's accuracy in predicting pathological response post-neoadjuvant therapy.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 97 LARC patients treated between 2014-2020.
  • Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by radical surgery.
  • Correlation assessed using weighted Kappa statistic; sensitivity and specificity calculated for mrTRG vs. pTRG.

Main Results:

  • Weighted Kappa of 0.27 indicated fair agreement between mrTRG and pTRG.
  • MRI sensitivity for good response (pTRG 1-2) was 52.1%; specificity was 81.6%.
  • MRI sensitivity for complete response (pTRG 1) was 10%; specificity was 98.7%.

Conclusions:

  • There is fair agreement between mrTRG and pTRG in LARC.
  • MRI is not fully sufficient for predicting pathological response but excels at confirming good/complete responses.
  • Integrating MRI with other methods is crucial, especially for organ preservation strategies in LARC.