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Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...
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Analysis of Multitrophic Biodiversity Patterns in the Irtysh River Basin Based on eDNA Metabarcoding.

Ye Chen1,2, Tianjian Song1,3, Yuna Zhang1,4

  • 1State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.

Biology
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding revealed invasive fish impact on freshwater biodiversity in the Irtysh River. Invasive fish facilitated algae but suppressed other microorganisms, highlighting the need for ecological management.

Keywords:
aquatic biodiversitycommunity structureenvironmental DNAenvironmental filteringfreshwaternon-native speciesplanktonα-diversity

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Environmental Science
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Freshwater ecosystems rely on complex interactions between different trophic levels for stability.
  • Arid and semi-arid rivers face challenges from hydrological changes and invasive species, complicating ecological processes.
  • Understanding community structure is vital for managing these sensitive river systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically assess the community structure of fish, plankton, and microorganisms in the Irtysh River basin.
  • To utilize environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding for comprehensive biodiversity monitoring.
  • To analyze the impact of invasive species on aquatic community composition.

Main Methods:

  • Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding was employed for high-throughput sequencing of taxa.
  • Random forest and linear mixed models were used to analyze community structure data.
  • Spatial biodiversity patterns and diversity hotspots were identified using the eDNA approach.

Main Results:

  • The eDNA approach successfully mapped spatial biodiversity patterns in the Irtysh River.
  • Invasive fish were found to facilitate algal growth.
  • Invasive fish suppressed the richness of protozoa, fungi, and heterotrophic microorganisms, with minor effects on autotrophic microorganisms.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a scientific foundation for basin-scale ecological management in the Irtysh River.
  • Balancing habitat preservation and invasive species control is crucial for maintaining ecosystem functionality.
  • eDNA metabarcoding is an effective tool for assessing complex freshwater ecosystem dynamics.