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Rethinking the Evolution of Tubulin Polymerization Promoting Proteins.

Ferenc Orosz1

  • 1Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, HUN-REN Research Centre for Natural Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.

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|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP)-like proteins exhibit diverse evolutionary patterns across eukaryotes. Their distribution challenges previous assumptions, suggesting a complex evolutionary history linked to flagellar presence.

Keywords:
ChoanoflagellataDiphoda+HeteroloboseaOpimoda+OpisthokontaTunicaraptorp25alpha domain

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Tubulin polymerization promoting protein (TPPP)-like proteins are conserved across diverse life forms.
  • TPPP family members are characterized by the presence and number of p25alpha domains.
  • Previous studies suggested distinct phylogenomic distributions for TPPP types across major eukaryotic supergroups.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To re-evaluate the phylogenomic distribution of TPPP-like proteins.
  • To investigate the evolutionary history and occurrence patterns of TPPPs within eukaryotic clades, particularly Opisthokonta.
  • To explore the relationship between TPPP occurrence and the presence of eukaryotic flagella.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized BLAST searches across protein and nucleotide databases to identify and analyze TPPP sequences.
  • Focused analysis on the Opisthokonta clade while also examining broader eukaryotic relationships.
  • Correlated TPPP gene distribution with the presence of eukaryotic flagella.

Main Results:

  • The phylogenomic distribution of TPPPs is more complex than previously understood, with exceptions to established patterns (e.g., fungal TPPPs outside fungi).
  • Confirmed a strong link between TPPP/gene occurrence and the presence of the eukaryotic flagellum.
  • Identified novel TPPP types, including a unique Opisthokonta-specific TPPP with two p25alpha domains, and found TPPPs in unexpected lineages (e.g., choanoflagellates, Heterolobosea).

Conclusions:

  • The evolutionary history of TPPP-like proteins requires re-evaluation due to newly discovered distribution patterns.
  • The association of TPPPs with eukaryotic flagella provides insights into their functional evolution.
  • The identification of TPPPs in previously unexpected groups necessitates a revised understanding of their ancient origins and diversification.