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Wearable PPG Multi-Sensor for Skin Humidity, Temperature, and Contact Pressure Measurement in Weak Magnetic Field

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  • 1Institute of Measurement Science, Slovak Academy of Sciences, 841 04 Bratislava, Slovakia.

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|December 30, 2025
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Summary

This study developed a wearable multi-sensor device for measuring heart rate, skin moisture, and temperature. The device shows accurate heart rate readings, with skin moisture affecting photoplethysmography signal quality.

Keywords:
contact pressure force measurementskin humidity and temperaturewearable photoplethysmography optical sensor

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Wearable Technology
  • Physiological Monitoring

Background:

  • Accurate physiological monitoring is crucial for healthcare.
  • Wearable sensors offer non-invasive and continuous data collection.
  • Existing wearable sensors face challenges with environmental factors like skin moisture.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a novel wearable multi-sensor device.
  • To assess the impact of skin conditions (dry, normal, wet) on sensor performance.
  • To evaluate the device's functionality within a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) environment.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a wearable device integrating photoplethysmography (PPG), humidity, temperature, and force-sensitive resistor (FSR) sensors.
  • Shielded the multi-sensor for operation in weak magnetic fields.
  • Verified sensor functionality within an MRI tomograph.
  • Conducted comparative measurements with an oximeter and analyzed PPG and FSR signals under varying skin moisture conditions.

Main Results:

  • The device demonstrated good correspondence with oximeter heart rate measurements (mean absolute error < 0.5 min⁻¹).
  • Dry skin decreased PPG signal range by 7% and systolic pulse width by 8%.
  • Moist skin increased PPG signal ripple by 3% and decreased HRPPG/HRFSR correlation by 5%.

Conclusions:

  • The developed wearable multi-sensor device is functional and accurate for heart rate monitoring.
  • Skin moisture significantly impacts PPG signal quality and sensor data reliability.
  • The device shows potential for physiological monitoring in diverse conditions, including MRI environments.