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Phage Therapy for Bone and Joint Infections: Towards Clinical Translation.
Concha Ortiz-Cartagena1, Lucia Blasco1,2, Inés Bleriot1,2
1Multidisciplinary and Translational Microbiology Group (MicroTM), Biomedical Research Institute of A Coruña (INIBIC), Microbiology Service, University Hospital of A Coruña (CHUAC), University of A Coruña (UDC), 15006 A Coruña, Spain.
Bacteriophage therapy offers a promising alternative for challenging osteoarticular infections (OAIs), especially those caused by multidrug-resistant pathogens. Further clinical trials are needed to confirm efficacy and optimize delivery for routine use.
Area of Science:
- Microbiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Biotechnology
Background:
- Osteoarticular infections (OAIs) present significant challenges due to biofilms and multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens.
- Current treatments combining surgery and antibiotics often lead to poor outcomes and recurrence.
- The rise of MDR Gram-negative infections complicates OAI management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advancements in bacteriophage (phage) therapy for OAIs.
- To explore various administration routes and novel pharmaceutical delivery systems for phage therapy.
- To discuss the potential of phage therapy as an adjunct or alternative to conventional OAI treatments.
Main Methods:
- Review of preclinical and early clinical studies on phage therapy for OAIs.
- Analysis of different administration routes: intravenous, intra-articular, topical, and oral.
- Examination of novel delivery systems: hydrogels, bone cements, nanoparticles, and implant coatings.
Main Results:
- Phage therapy demonstrates high host specificity and activity against biofilm-embedded bacteria.
- Novel delivery systems enhance phage stability and controlled release.
- Combined phage/antibiotic therapy shows synergistic effects.
Conclusions:
- Phage therapy shows significant promise for clinical translation in treating OAIs.
- Challenges include standardization, immunogenicity, and regulatory approval.
- Well-designed clinical trials are essential to confirm efficacy and optimize integration into routine practice.
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