Transcriptomic Analysis Reveals Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Growth Differences in the Chinese Sturgeon (Acipenser...

The Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis) is a critically endangered species with significant ecological and cultural value. Understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying its growth is crucial for improving breeding efficiency and enhancing conservation efforts. In this study, we conducted a comparative transcriptome analysis of muscle tissues from fast-growing and slow-growing Chinese sturgeon individuals. We identified 258 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), with 144 upregulated and 114 downregulated in the fast-growing group compared to the slow-growing group. Gene ontology (GO) enrichment analysis revealed that these DEGs were primarily involved in metabolic processes, cellular processes, and biological regulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis showed significant enrichment in pathways such as the insulin signaling pathway, adipocytokine signaling pathway, and glycerolipid metabolism. The upregulation of genes related to metabolic processes and energy production in the fast-growing group suggests a higher metabolic rate contributing to faster growth. Conversely, downregulated genes associated with immune response and proteolysis may indicate a trade-off between growth and immune function. These findings provide valuable insights into the genetic basis of growth differences in the Chinese sturgeon and highlight potential targets for selective breeding and conservation strategies.