Learning Through Simulation: Counselor Trainees' Interactions with ChatGPT as a Client

Area of Science:

• Counselor Education
• Artificial Intelligence in Education
• Psychology

Background:

• Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging in counselor education.
• Pedagogical implications of AI in training are underexplored.
• Need for supplemental training tools for counseling skills.

Purpose of the Study:

• Investigate counselor trainees' experiences with ChatGPT (GPT-4o) as a simulated client.
• Assess AI's benefits and limitations as a supplemental training tool.
• Evaluate AI's role in role-play practice for counseling skills.

Main Methods:

• Qualitative content analysis of AI-simulated counseling session transcripts.
• Coding transcripts based on authenticity, emotional expression, consistency, self-awareness, and cultural dynamics.
• Focus group interviews to gather trainee perceptions.

Main Results:

• AI simulations provide a psychologically safe, flexible practice environment.
• Reduced performance anxiety and increased confidence reported by trainees.
• Limitations include overly agreeable responses, lack of emotional nuance, and cultural neutrality without specific prompts.

Conclusions:

• AI is a valuable supplement, not a replacement, for live counseling practice.
• Generative AI can enhance experiential learning with structured guidance and ethical oversight.
• Future research should focus on improving AI authenticity and emotional depth for competency development.