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Modeling, a key technique in therapy, uses observational learning to help clients acquire and practice new skills by watching therapists demonstrate desired behaviors. This approach, rooted in Albert Bandura's concept of vicarious learning, plays a significant role in therapeutic interventions for various psychological conditions, including social anxiety, ADHD, and depression.
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Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
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Cognitive therapy, pioneered by Aaron T. Beck in the 1960s, is a structured approach to addressing psychological distress by focusing on the influence of thoughts on emotions and behaviors. All cognitive therapies involve the basic assumption that human beings have control over their feelings, and that how individuals feel about something depends on how they think about it. Unlike psychoanalytic methods that delve into unconscious processes or humanistic approaches emphasizing...
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Learning Through Simulation: Counselor Trainees' Interactions with ChatGPT as a Client.

Mehmet Akkurt1, Rakesh Maurya2, Timothy Brown1

  • 1Department of Counseling, Lamar University, Beaumont, TX 77710, USA.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) offers a safe space for counselor trainees to practice skills using simulated clients. While valuable for building confidence, AI lacks emotional nuance and requires careful prompting for effective, culturally sensitive training.

Keywords:
counselor educationexperiential learninggenerative AIskills training

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Area of Science:

  • Counselor Education
  • Artificial Intelligence in Education
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Generative artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging in counselor education.
  • Pedagogical implications of AI in training are underexplored.
  • Need for supplemental training tools for counseling skills.

Purpose of the Study:

  • Investigate counselor trainees' experiences with ChatGPT (GPT-4o) as a simulated client.
  • Assess AI's benefits and limitations as a supplemental training tool.
  • Evaluate AI's role in role-play practice for counseling skills.

Main Methods:

  • Qualitative content analysis of AI-simulated counseling session transcripts.
  • Coding transcripts based on authenticity, emotional expression, consistency, self-awareness, and cultural dynamics.
  • Focus group interviews to gather trainee perceptions.

Main Results:

  • AI simulations provide a psychologically safe, flexible practice environment.
  • Reduced performance anxiety and increased confidence reported by trainees.
  • Limitations include overly agreeable responses, lack of emotional nuance, and cultural neutrality without specific prompts.

Conclusions:

  • AI is a valuable supplement, not a replacement, for live counseling practice.
  • Generative AI can enhance experiential learning with structured guidance and ethical oversight.
  • Future research should focus on improving AI authenticity and emotional depth for competency development.