Love on Empty: The Development and Validation of a Comprehensive Scale to Measure Burnout in Modern Relationships

Modern romantic relationships face increasing internal and external pressures that may leave partners emotionally depleted and overwhelmed, yet empirical tools for assessing relationship burnout remain limited, mononormative, and psychometrically underdeveloped. Across two studies, we developed and validated the Antecedents of Relationship Burnout Scale (ARBS), a multidimensional measure grounded in the Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model and designed to capture the relational demands and resource deficits that precipitate burnout. Study 1 generated and evaluated an initial 51-item pool using a sample of 175 partnered adults. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a clear and robust two-factor structure: Relationship Depletion and Exhaustion (e.g., emotional detachment, diminished appreciation, unmet emotional/sexual needs) and Relational Overload (e.g., external stressors, partner demands, role strain). Study 2 sought to confirm this structure and establish the ARBS's psychometric validity via a sample of 288 adults. A confirmatory factor analysis supported a 36-item two-factor model with strong internal consistency, full measurement invariance across gender, and theory-consistent associations with relationship satisfaction, therapy participation, and infidelity urge, demonstrating both convergent and predictive validity. Together, these studies introduce the ARBS as the first comprehensive, theoretically grounded measure of the antecedents of relationship burnout, offering a rigorous foundation for future research, assessment, and intervention.