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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

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The Relationship Between TikTok Usage and Executive Function Is Mediated by Problematic Social Media Use.

Jessica Golding1, Anya Rallison1, Kyra Zhang1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of California, Riverside, 900 University Ave, Riverside, CA 92521, USA.

Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Excessive TikTok use is linked to cognitive issues, but problematic social media use (PSMU) is the key factor, not the platform itself. Addressing PSMU is crucial for improving executive function (EF) and mental health.

Keywords:
BRIEF scaleTikTokexecutive functionproblematic social media useworking memory

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cognitive Science
  • Digital Media Studies

Background:

  • Social media integration offers communication benefits but poses risks to well-being and cognition.
  • Concerns exist regarding TikTok's short-form content and its impact on users.
  • Understanding platform-specific effects versus general problematic use is essential.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between TikTok usage, problematic social media use (PSMU), and executive function (EF).
  • To determine if TikTok use has unique effects on EF or if effects are explained by broader PSMU patterns.
  • To explore the mediating role of PSMU in the link between TikTok use and EF impairment.

Main Methods:

  • A survey was administered to 346 college students.
  • Measures included executive function (EF), TikTok use intensity, problematic social media use (PSMU), and mental health variables.
  • Mediation analysis was employed to examine the relationships between variables.

Main Results:

  • Both PSMU and TikTok use intensity correlated with executive function (EF) dysfunction.
  • TikTok use intensity was not a significant predictor of EF dysfunction when PSMU and mental health were controlled.
  • Problematic social media use (PSMU) was found to mediate the relationship between TikTok use and EF impairment.

Conclusions:

  • Problematic social media use (PSMU), rather than specific platform features like TikTok, is associated with cognitive impairments.
  • Interventions should focus on addressing excessive social media engagement and PSMU patterns.
  • Findings highlight the need to manage problematic usage for better cognitive and mental health outcomes.