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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jan 7, 2026

Whole-brain Segmentation and Change-point Analysis of Anatomical Brain MRI—Application in Premanifest Huntington's Disease
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Longitudinal Monitoring of Brain Volume Changes After COVID-19 Infection Using Artificial Intelligence-Based MRI

Zeynep Bendella1,2, Catherine Nichols Widmann2,3, Christine Kindler4,5

  • 1Department of Neuroradiology, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital Bonn, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelm-Universität Bonn, 53127 Bonn, Germany.

Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland)
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Recovered COVID-19 patients show delayed right hippocampal atrophy 12 months post-infection, particularly after severe illness. Other brain regions showed minimal changes, suggesting focused monitoring of memory areas is needed.

Keywords:
COVID-19SARS-CoV-2artificial intelligencebrain atrophyhippocampal volumemagnetic resonance imaging

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Radiology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • SARS-CoV-2 infection is associated with neurological issues and brain structure changes.
  • Previous studies indicated brain volume reduction in COVID-19 patients.
  • Longitudinal data on COVID-19's long-term neurological effects are limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate brain volume changes 12 months after baseline MRI in recovered COVID-19 patients.
  • To compare longitudinal brain volume changes between mild/asymptomatic COVID-19, severe COVID-19, and control groups.
  • To assess the progression of neurological sequelae post-COVID-19.

Main Methods:

  • 112 participants (38 controls, 36 mild/asymptomatic COVID-19, 38 severe COVID-19) underwent MRI 12 months after baseline.
  • AI-based software (mdbrain) was used for volumetric analysis of brain regions.
  • Multivariate regression analysis controlled for demographic factors.

Main Results:

  • A significant decline in right hippocampal volume was observed 12 months post-COVID-19, most pronounced in the severe COVID-19 group.
  • Normalized hippocampal volume reduction remained significant across COVID-19 groups compared to controls.
  • Minor reductions in frontal and parietal lobes were noted but consistent with age-related changes, not pathological progression.

Conclusions:

  • Delayed, severity-dependent right hippocampal atrophy occurs in recovered COVID-19 patients.
  • The hippocampus, crucial for memory, shows long-term vulnerability after SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Extended neurological monitoring focusing on hippocampal integrity is recommended for post-COVID-19 patients.