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Evaluation of Childhood Atopic Dermatitis and Environmental Factors in Turkey with Decision Tree Model
Nesrullah Ayşin1, Mehmet Bulduk2, Veysel Can2
1Vocational School of Health Services, Department of Medical Services and Techniques, Hakkari University, 30000 Hakkari, Turkey.
Insights
Pediatric atopic dermatitis (AD) is sensitive to environmental factors. Higher ozone levels significantly increase AD risk in children, while PM10 may offer some protection, informing prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Environmental Health
- Pediatric Dermatology
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a prevalent pediatric skin condition.
- Environmental factors are increasingly recognized as triggers for AD.
- Understanding these triggers is crucial for effective management.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the association between pediatric atopic dermatitis and environmental factors.
- To analyze the impact of meteorological variables and air pollution on AD incidence.
- To identify key environmental predictors for childhood AD.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional study of 21,407 pediatric patients (0-18 years).
- Data collected from 2020-2024, matched with meteorological and air pollution data (O3, PM10).
- Statistical analysis included logistic regression and CHAID decision tree models.
Main Results:
- AD accounted for 10.1% of dermatology visits.
- Increased ozone (O3) levels correlated with higher AD admissions.
- Higher PM10 levels showed an association with lower AD likelihood.
- Age, sex, season, atmospheric pressure, PM10, and O3 were significant predictors.
Conclusions:
- Pediatric AD is highly sensitive to environmental and seasonal changes.
- Elevated ozone levels are a notable risk factor for increased AD presentations.
- Findings support environmental risk management for childhood AD.
Objective:
This study aims to examine the relationship between atopic dermatitis (AD), one of the most common dermatological conditions in children, and environmental factors, including meteorological variables and air pollution.
Methods:
This retrospective cross-sectional study analyzed the medical records of 21,407 pediatric patients aged 0 to 18 years who presented to the city hospital in Agri, Turkey, between 2020 and 2024. Admission dates were matched with meteorological data (wind speed, atmospheric pressure, humidity, temperature) and air pollution indicators (PM10, SO2, NO2, NOx, NO, O3). Statistical analyses included t-tests, correlation analyses, binary logistic regression, and a CHAID decision tree model.
Results:
AD accounted for 10.1% of all dermatology-related visits. AD admissions increased particularly during the first half of the year and were significantly associated with higher O3 levels, whereas increased PM10 levels were associated with a lower likelihood of AD admissions. Logistic regression showed that age, sex, semiannual period, atmospheric pressure, PM10, and O3 were significant predictors of AD. The decision tree model identified age, period, and O3 as the strongest discriminating variables for AD.
Conclusion:
AD was found to be more sensitive to environmental and seasonal variations compared with other dermatitis types. In particular, elevated ozone levels and temporal factors played a notable role in increasing AD presentations. These findings may inform environmental risk management and preventive strategies for children with AD.
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