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MicroRNAs01:22

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After...
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Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
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Mice have long served as models for studying human biology and pathology because of their phylogenetic and physiological similarity with humans. They are also easy to maintain and breed in the laboratory, and hence, many inbred strains are now available for research. Studies on mice have contributed immeasurably to our understanding of cancer biology.
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Genes usually encode proteins necessary for the proper functioning of a healthy cell. Mutations can often cause changes to the gene expression pattern, thereby altering the phenotype.
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as A Novel Detection and Quantification Method
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MicroRNA Amplification and Recognition through Locked-nucleic-acid In situ Hybridization as A Novel Detection and Quantification Method

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Plant-Derived miRNAs as Potential Cross-Kingdom Cancer Regulators.

Aizhan Rakhmetullina1, Zuzanna Lubas1, Piotr Zielenkiewicz1,2

  • 1Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, ul. Pawińskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland.

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|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Plant-derived microRNAs (miRNAs) can survive digestion and regulate human cancer genes, offering potential for diet-based cancer therapies. These exogenous miRNAs show promise as cross-kingdom regulators with therapeutic relevance.

Keywords:
cancer therapeuticscross-kingdom regulationdietary miRNAsgene expression regulationoncogenesplant-derived miRNAstumour suppressors

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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics
  • Oncology

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial gene regulators in cancer.
  • Plant-derived miRNAs are emerging as exogenous regulators with cross-kingdom potential.
  • Dietary miRNAs can influence human gene expression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on plant-derived miRNAs regulating human cancer-related genes.
  • To explore the therapeutic potential of plant miRNAs in cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental findings on plant miRNAs in mammalian systems.
  • Analysis of plant miRNA stability during digestion and circulation.
  • Examination of miRNA-mediated gene regulation mechanisms (e.g., RNA-induced silencing).

Main Results:

  • Plant miRNAs can resist gastrointestinal digestion and enter circulation.
  • Specific plant miRNAs (e.g., miR-156a, miR-2911) demonstrate anticancer activities.
  • These miRNAs modulate oncogenes, tumor suppressors, and immune checkpoints in human cells.
  • Plant miRNAs regulate key signaling pathways relevant to cancer.

Conclusions:

  • Plant-derived miRNAs possess the ability to modulate mammalian gene expression.
  • They hold potential as diet-based or synthetic therapeutic agents for cancer.
  • Further research into bioavailability and target specificity is warranted for innovative cancer prevention strategies.