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Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Microarray-based Identification of Individual HERV Loci Expression: Application to Biomarker Discovery in Prostate Cancer
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Pathogenesis-Guided Biomarker Assessment: A Shift in Prostate Cancer Diagnostics.

Jessica M Logan1, Victoria Malone2,3, John J O'Leary2,3

  • 1Clinical and Health Sciences, University of South Australia, Adelaide 5000, Australia.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|December 30, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New biomarkers Appl-1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1 improve prostate cancer diagnosis. This pathogenesis-guided approach offers better precision and prognostic utility than traditional methods for men with prostate cancer.

Keywords:
biomarkersdiagnosispathogenesisprostate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Prostate cancer diagnosis faces challenges due to inter-observer variability and ambiguous results.
  • Current biomarkers like Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and Alpha-methylacyl CoA racemase (AMACR) exhibit limited specificity and clinical reliability.
  • Morphological assessment alone is insufficient for accurate prostate cancer diagnosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel pathogenesis-guided biomarker discovery strategy for prostate cancer.
  • To present a clinically validated biomarker panel (Appl-1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1) for improved diagnostic accuracy.
  • To highlight the potential of these biomarkers in enhancing prognostic utility for prostate cancer patients.

Main Methods:

  • A pathogenesis-guided strategy was employed for biomarker discovery, focusing on the endosome-lysosome system.
  • A multidisciplinary approach was utilized to identify and validate the biomarker panel.
  • Clinical validation and implementation as a lab-developed test (LDT) in U.S. practice were conducted.

Main Results:

  • The developed biomarker panel, comprising Appl-1, Sortilin, and Syndecan-1, demonstrates enhanced diagnostic precision.
  • These biomarkers reflect fundamental biological processes, offering improved prognostic utility for prostate cancer.
  • The panel has been successfully implemented in U.S. clinical practice as an LDT.

Conclusions:

  • The novel biomarker panel offers a significant advancement over traditional diagnostic methods for prostate cancer.
  • The pathogenesis-guided discovery approach provides a robust framework for developing clinically relevant biomarkers.
  • This strategy represents a new diagnostic standard, integrating mechanistic understanding with practical clinical application for prostate cancer management.