Graphitic Carbon Nitride in Oral Health: Emerging Applications, Antimicrobial Potential, and Future Perspectives

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C3N4) is a significant multifunctional material.
• Its unique properties stem from triazine- and heptazine-based frameworks.
• g-C3N4 exhibits photocatalytic, antimicrobial, and biocompatible characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the fundamental structures, synthesis methods, and characterization of g-C3N4.
• To discuss the biological activities and applications of g-C3N4.
• To identify research gaps and opportunities, particularly in oral and dental applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of electronic databases (Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar).
• Discussion of synthesis strategies: thermal polymerization and solvothermal/hydrothermal routes.
• Examination of characterization techniques: AFM and STM, using HOPG as a reference.

Main Results:

• Detailed insights into g-C3N4 structural configurations and synthesis mechanisms.
• Understanding of nanoscale surface topography and structural attributes.
• Overview of g-C3N4's biological activities and established applications.

Conclusions:

• g-C3N4 possesses significant potential across various scientific and technological fields.
• A notable research gap exists in its application for oral and dental uses.
• Further investigation is warranted to harness g-C3N4 for innovative oral healthcare solutions.