First Latin American Case of MLASA2 Caused by a Pathogenic Variant in the Anticodon-Binding Domain of YARS2

MLASA2 is a rare mitochondrial disorder with limited geographic representation in published medical literature. Here, we report the first confirmed case of MLASA2 in a Latin American 16-year-old male harboring a homozygous pathogenic variant p.(Asp311Glu) in the YARS2 gene. The patient presented with sideroblastic anemia and short stature, accompanied by other skeletal dysplasia features not previously associated with MLASA2, including epiphyseal dysplasia, rib edge widening, and poorly defined vertebral structures, but without lactic acidosis. Notably, the patient did not present exercise intolerance but recently exhibited reduced muscle strength. The p.(Asp311Glu) variant, located in the anticodon-binding domain of the mitochondrial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetase (Mt-TyrRS), was consistently predicted to be pathogenic by multiple in silico tools. Molecular modeling revealed that this variant destabilizes the 'KMSKS' motif, potentially compromising tRNA recognition fidelity and aminoacylation efficiency. Analysis of runs of homozygosity (ROH) revealed significantly elevated consanguinity (ROH: 31.93%), consistent with a consanguineous mating between biological parents. This case expands the geographic distribution of MLASA2, documents previously unreported phenotypes, suggests a novel pathogenic mechanism, and demonstrates the utility of genomic approaches for diagnosing rare mitochondrial disorders in the absence of complete clinical information and family history.