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Determination of Photoreceptor Cell Spectral Sensitivity in an Insect Model from In Vivo Intracellular Recordings

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Skyglow-Induced Luminance Gradients Influence Orientation in a Migratory Moth.

Yi Ji¹, Yibo Ma¹, Zhangsu Wen¹

¹State Key Laboratory of Agricultural and Forestry Biosecurity, College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China.

|December 30, 2025

Summary

Artificial light at night (ALAN) creates skyglow that disrupts insect migration. Fall armyworms avoid brighter areas, potentially misdirecting their seasonal journeys and impacting navigation.

Keywords:

fall armyworm light pollution migratory insects orientation skyglow

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Area of Science:

Ecology
Environmental Science
Behavioral Ecology

Background:

Artificial light at night (ALAN) significantly impacts nocturnal ecosystems globally.
While direct light effects on insects are known, skyglow's influence on migratory orientation is poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate how skyglow-induced luminance gradients affect the flight orientation of the fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda).
To determine if skyglow acts as a navigational cue or interference for nocturnal migrants.

Main Methods:

Controlled indoor simulations replicating skyglow luminance gradients.
Field assays to observe flight orientation under naturalistic conditions.
Utilized the fall armyworm, a significant nocturnal migratory pest.

Main Results:

Fall armyworms consistently oriented towards darker regions in the presence of luminance gradients.
This orientation deviated from their expected seasonal migratory direction.
The observed response was consistent in both simulated and field settings.

Conclusions:

Skyglow-generated luminance gradients can serve as directional cues for nocturnal insects.
These gradients may interfere with and misdirect seasonal migration, acting as ecological traps.
Skyglow represents an underrecognized factor in nocturnal insect navigation and long-distance orientation.