Laparoscopic Management of Boerhaave Syndrome: Case Series and Narrative Review

Boerhaave syndrome, or spontaneous rupture of the esophageal wall, is a rare condition that occurs after a violent increase in intraesophageal pressure associated with negative intrathoracic pressure after forceful vomiting or retching. Rupture, usually transmural, often occurs in the distal esophagus and can be complicated by mediastinitis, sepsis, and multiple organ dysfunction. Despite the aid of imaging in diagnosis and rapid management, it is still characterized by a high mortality rate. Surgical and endoscopic approaches are the mainstays of treatment. Case presentation: Here, we describe three cases of Boerhaave's syndrome managed with minimally invasive surgical treatment and provide a brief literature review of the treatment methods for this rare condition. Conclusions: Early diagnosis and prompt management by a multidisciplinary team increase the chances of survival. The laparoscopic approach is beneficial and can successfully treat esophageal tears associated with this syndrome in early or delayed timing.