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Lipid metabolism in type 1 and type 2 diabetes: A comparative cross-sectional study
Fatemah Saleh Bin Saleh1, Ahmed R Alibrahim2, Awad S Alshahrani2,3
1Department of Family Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City, Ministry of National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Medicine
|December 30, 2025
Summary
Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Saudi Arabia are older and have higher risks of dyslipidemia and obesity compared to those with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). T1DM patients exhibit poorer glycemic control and distinct lipid profiles.
Area of Science:
- Endocrinology
- Metabolic Disorders
- Cardiovascular Health
Background:
- Type 1 and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T1DM and T2DM) are distinct chronic conditions.
- Dyslipidemia is a frequent complication in both diabetes types, escalating cardiovascular risk.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare demographic and laboratory characteristics of T1DM and T2DM patients in Saudi Arabia.
- To identify differences in clinical features and lipid profiles between T1DM and T2DM.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective cross-sectional studies involving 509 T1DM and 409 T2DM patients.
- Data extracted from electronic medical records, analyzing demographics, diabetes duration, BMI, HbA1c, and lipid profiles.
Main Results:
- T2DM patients were significantly older (58.93 years) than T1DM patients (26.15 years).
- T1DM patients showed worse glycemic control (55.8% with HbA1c 7-9%), while T2DM patients had higher rates of obesity (63.6%).
- T2DM patients exhibited a higher incidence of dyslipidemia, characterized by aberrant triglyceride and low HDL levels, despite T1DM patients having higher LDL, HDL, and total cholesterol.
Conclusions:
- Significant demographic and clinical disparities exist between T1DM and T2DM patients in Saudi Arabia.
- T2DM patients face a greater risk of dyslipidemia and associated cardiovascular complications.
- Tailored management strategies focusing on glycemic control and lipid management are crucial for reducing cardiovascular risk in diabetic patients.
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