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Related Experiment Video

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Brain Imaging Investigation of the Memory-Enhancing Effect of Emotion
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Distorted temporal position memory under negative emotional states.

Qun Ye1,2, Chuang Ke1, Yuanchun Wu1

  • 1Zhejiang Philosophy and Social Science Laboratory for the Mental Health and Crisis Intervention of Children and Adolescents, School of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, People's Republic of China.

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|December 30, 2025
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Summary

Negative emotion biases memory placement, making events seem to occur earlier. This effect, known as an earlier-shift bias, impacts absolute temporal memory but not the order of events.

Keywords:
Emotionemotion spilloverepisodic memorytemporal memorytemporal position

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • Episodic memories integrate emotional experiences, often with altered temporal accuracy.
  • Understanding how emotion influences temporal information encoding and retrieval is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the influence of negative emotion and affective spillover on absolute temporal position memory.
  • To differentiate between state-based and item-based emotional modulation of temporal memory.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a fine-grained timeline estimation task across two experiments.
  • Manipulated negative emotion via pictures and videos, assessing memory for neutral items.
  • Collected physiological data (skin conductance, cardiac deceleration) to measure arousal.

Main Results:

  • Negative emotion induced an 'earlier-shift bias,' with negative stimuli remembered as occurring earlier than they did.
  • Affective spillover from negative videos to subsequent neutral items replicated the earlier-shift bias.
  • State-based predictors (condition-level) better explained temporal placement than item-level valence.

Conclusions:

  • Negative emotion systematically biases absolute temporal placement rather than uniformly degrading temporal memory.
  • Findings support encoding-centered and temporal-context models of emotion's influence on memory.
  • Reconstructive retrieval processes may further contribute to the observed temporal biases.