Phosphorylated Lignin-Cellulose Nanofibrils: Elucidating the Preparation Pathway and Structural Features

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Biomass Valorization
• Nanotechnology

Background:

• Lignocellulosic nanofibrils (LCNFs) offer a sustainable alternative to cellulose nanofibrils.
• Efficient and eco-friendly production methods for LCNFs are needed.
• Current methods often involve costly lignin removal.

Purpose of the Study:

• To develop an inexpensive, energy-efficient, and sustainable method for producing multifunctional LCNFs.
• To create phosphorylated lignin-cellulose nanofibrils (PLCNFs) from unbleached giant reed fibers.
• To characterize the properties and potential applications of the produced PLCNFs.

Main Methods:

• Direct phosphorylation of unbleached giant reed fibers using H3PO4/urea.
• Alkali-swelling and microfluidization for disintegration.
• Characterization of PLCNF morphology, zeta potential, and rheological behavior.

Main Results:

• Production of PLCNFs with 22.1 wt% lignin content via a simple, high-yield process.
• PLCNFs exhibited a width of 3-5 nm, high aspect ratio, and negative zeta potential (-30 mV).
• Demonstrated shear-thinning behavior and enhanced flame retardancy due to phosphate groups.

Conclusions:

• An economical and sustainable approach for producing multifunctional PLCNFs from unbleached biomass was established.
• The developed PLCNFs possess desirable properties for various applications.
• This work highlights the potential of renewable lignocellulosic resources for advanced nanomaterials.