The Therapeutic Effect and Mechanism of Lactobacillus gardneri on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

This study aimed to investigate the effect of Lactobacillus gasseri SBT2055 (LG2055) on non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Mice were fed with high-fat diet (HFD) to establish NAFLD animal model. HFD mice were administrated with LG2055 gavage to explore the role of LG2055 on NAFLD. This study revealed that LG2055 gavage decreased serum levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG), reduced lipid accumulation in liver tissue, promoted the expression of intestinal mucosal proteins mucin 2 (MUC2), defensin alpha 1 (DEFA1), and defensin alpha 4 (DEFA4), inhibited the levels of pro-inflammatory factors tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin (IL)-6, and increased the levels of anti-inflammatory factors IL-10 and immunoglobulin (Ig)A, IgG, and IgM. LG2055 decreased the abundance of Verrucomicrobota, Akkermansiaceae and Akkermansia while increased the abundance of Bacteroidota, Actinobacterota and Muribaculaceae. These findings implied that LG2055 alleviate liver damage caused by NAFLD by reducing hepatic lipid accumulation and gut homeostasis and regulating gut microbiota to inhibit intestinal inflammation, and increase immune regulation.